基于知识工程的旋耕机智能设计系统研究与开发

【目的】为了解决旋耕机设计效率低的问题,基于知识工程理论构建了旋耕机智能设计系统,为旋耕机的快速设计提供参考。【方法】在分析旋耕机设计相关知识的基础上,以系统-零部件-设计知识为思路,整理了设计规则,采用产生式表示方法建立零部件参数库、设计规则库、装配信息库、模型实例库,将基于规则的推理和基于实例的推理相结合,提出基于经验规则的模糊推理算法和推理解释机制,并通过相关程序编写推演应用,利用Visual-Studio和API对SolidWorks进行二次开发并整合相关程序,针对智能设计产品的可靠性进行EDEM-ANSYS耦合仿真验证。【结果】在研究整理旋耕机设计知识的基础上,深度挖掘了更多隐性知识,基于SQLite关系型数据库构建了旋耕机设计规则库和实例库,应用混合推理算法和用二次开发技术实现了设计资源的重用和数据关联、尺寸特征驱动零部件变更、零部件自动装配等功能,开发了.exe格式的整套系统,在Windows 10操作系统、Intel i5 7th处理器、16G内存配置环境下,2～3 min即可完成整机的设计并输出三维模型。仿真验证表明,设计旋耕机土壤破碎率约为72.13%,不平整土层厚度约为2.8 cm,碎土效果及地表平整度均较好;耕作部件强度满足设计要求。【结论】利用所设计的智能系统可快速自动生成符合用户需求的旋耕机三维模型和参数,且系统产品完全满足工作需求和工作可靠性,有效提高了旋耕机的设计效率。     

TRANSLATING THE MULTI-ACTOR APPROACH TO RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE USING A WORKSHOP APPROACH FOCUSING ON SPECIES MIXTURES

● Challenges in reconciling multi disciplinarity with clear expressions of single disciplinary concerns. ● Participant involvement was created bridging the gap between academia and practice. ● Collaboration potentials with actor networks to co-produce shared visions were recognized. ● A common language was developed concerning unfounded perceptions of barriers for change. ● The workshop was effective for producing a shared picture of research needs. The EIP-Agri multiactor approach was exemplified during a 3-day workshop with 63 project participants from the EU H2020 funded project “Redesigning European cropping systems based on species MIXtures”. The objective was to share firsthand experience of participatory research among researchers who were mostly not familiar with this approach. Workshop participants were divided into smaller multidisciplinary groups and given the opportunity to interact with representatives from eight actor positions in the value chain of the agrifood cooperative Terrena located in Western France. The four stages of the workshop were: (1) key actor interviews, (2) sharing proposed solutions for overcoming barriers, and (3) developing possible interdisciplinary concepts. Expressions of frustration were recorded serving both as a motivation for group members to become more aware of the scientific concerns and practices of their colleagues, as well as a recognition that some researchers have better skills integrating qualitative approaches than others. Nevertheless, the workshop format was an effective way to gain a common understanding of the pertinent issues that need to be addressed to meet overall multiactor-approach objectives. Working with the actor networks was identified and emphasized as a means to overcome existing barriers between academia and practice in order to coproduce a shared vision of the benefits of species mixture benefits.     

基于社会-生态系统理论的土地健康诊治框架

为实现土地资源可持续利用,构建人地关系视角下的土地健康诊治框架。运用CiteSpace文献计量方法,对土地健康研究进行知识图谱分析,同时基于社会-生态系统(Social-ecological systems,SESs)理论,构建土地健康诊治框架。结果表明:1)土地健康科学内涵的发展过程可作为土地生态系统与社会经济知识健康运行的诊治依据;2)土地健康研究呈现多元分散特征,健康机理、评估方法与实践层面适应性管理是研究热点;3)土地健康诊治框架将社会经济系统和土地生态系统有机整合,由外部驱动子系统、内生驱动子系统和土地利用系统表征3部分组成;4)该诊治框架可以根据特定土地问题进行相应调整,适用性强。因此,基于SESs理论构建土地健康诊治框架有助于理解人地系统的作用过程和互馈机制。     

基于红外相机技术的桃红岭梅花鹿国家级自然保护白鹇种群活动节律分析

2017年4月至2019年4月在江西桃红岭梅花鹿国家级自然保护区布设了60台红外相机,获得了209张白鹇的独立有效照片。利用R软件中“overlap”统计包的核密度估计(Kernel density estimation)和重叠指数(Coefficient of overlap)分析了白鹇的活动节律及其季节性变化。结果表明,白鹇的日活动时间集中在05:00—19:00时,全年的日活动节律呈现出明显的昼行性,存在2个活动高峰,分别为在08:00—09:00时和14:00—16:00时。白鹇繁殖期与非繁殖期日活动节律的重叠系数为0.68,日活动节律曲线差异显著(P < 0.01)。繁殖期期间,白鹇的日活动节律存在2个活动高峰,分别为06:00—07:00时和17:00—19:00时。非繁殖期期间,白鹇的日活动节律也表现出明显的昼行性,存在2个高峰,分别为07:00—09:00时和14:00—16:00时。本研究有助于为保护区内白鹇的保护管理提供了基础的科学依据。     

Growth characteristics and grain yield of machine-transplanted medium indica hybrid rice with high daily yield

High-yield rice varieties with a suitable growth duration are required for mechanical transplanting in multiple cropping systems. Daily yield is an appropriate criterion for the selection of machine-transplanted rice varieties. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth characteristics and grain production in machine-transplanted medium indica hybrid rice with a high daily yield. We conducted a field experiment on 20 medium indica hybrid rice varieties in 2017 and 2018. Grain yield decreased significantly with growth duration between jointing and heading, but it increased with dry matter accumulation, growth rate between jointing and heading, dry matter partitioning to the stem plus sheath at heading, daily yield, and number of spikelets per panicle. Compared with the medium and low daily yield variety types, the high daily yield variety type increased shoot biomass by improving crop growth rate and dry matter accumulation amount between jointing and heading and after heading. The high daily yield variety type decreased the growth duration pre-heading and the proportions of dry matter partitioned to the leaf lamina at heading and maturity, but it also increased the post-heading accumulated dry matter in the grain and the remobilization of dry matter stored in the vegetative organs. Furthermore, the high daily yield variety type significantly increased the occurrence rate of tillers, which is beneficial for the formation of a larger panicle size and an increase in the grain-filling rate. These changes contributed to a 6.51–23.16% relative increase in grain yield of the high daily yield variety type. In conclusion, the selection of high daily yield indica hybrid rice varieties with shorter pre-heading growth duration, greater tiller occurrence rate and spikelet numbers per panicle, higher post-jointing growth rates and stem plus sheath dry matter accumulation at heading is suitable for machine-transplanted rice.     

冬季日光温室不同砧木嫁接黄瓜的光合性能比较

采用TPS-Ⅱ型便携式光合系统,对冬季日光温室条件下3种砧木(黄籽南瓜,白籽南瓜和黑籽南瓜)嫁接黄瓜的光合作用特性进行了比较。结果表明:黄籽南瓜嫁接黄瓜的光饱和点最高,光补偿点最低,利用光能的范围最广;黑籽南瓜嫁接黄瓜的表观量子效率最高,利用弱光的能力最强。3种砧木嫁接黄瓜的净光合速率日变化均为单峰曲线,不存在"午休现象"。晴天时黄籽南瓜嫁接黄瓜的净光合速率高于其它处理,在阴天和连续阴天后初晴天时黑籽南瓜的净光合速率最高。     

消费者食品营养知识及食品营养标签使用状况调查——以保定市为例

对保定市消费者食品营养知识、对食品标签的熟悉度、理解以及使用状况进行调查.结果发现,消费者食品营养知识低,虽然消费者对食品营养标签较为熟悉,但是他们对食品标签上的营养信息理解程度很低,购物或者规划餐饭时很少使用食品标签.未来的食品营养教育宣传应当着重加大对食品营养素参考值的解释和宣传,突出食品营养标签在饮食以及在促进身体健康方面的作用,提高消费者信心、降低他们所认为的对食品标签的理解难度.     

农业环境管理与信息服务平台研制与应用

现代农业生产中,环境因素决定成本和效益,也决定农业生产的成败和难易度.该研究以三维GIS技术为核心集成物联网技术、远程视频技术、专家知识服务现代农业,搭建农业环境管理全面化、信息服务多样化、决策智能化的新一代信息技术支撑平台,实现海量农业数据的管理、农业信息资源的整合以及集成服务的提供,全过程监控农业产前、产中、产后环境信息,真实、丰富、具体地表现农业环境信息,全面、灵活地提供农业信息服务.     

马铃薯收获机挖掘装置智能设计系统与评价方法研究

针对马铃薯收获机挖掘装置设计效率低、设计知识难以高效获取和运用的问题,构建了马铃薯收获机挖掘装置智能设计系统。在收集整理挖掘铲设计规则的基础上,以产生式、框架式和混合式的知识表示方法表达挖掘装置的设计知识并进行存储,建立智能设计系统知识库;利用Visual Studio软件搭建知识管理系统,对规则类和实例类知识进行管理;采用基于规则和基于实例的正向推理方法,探讨智能设计系统推理机制;基于SolidWorks二次开发技术,对挖掘装置进行参数化建模;基于挖掘铲挖掘阻力分析和RecurDyn-EDEM联合仿真试验,构建挖掘装置工作性能评价体系;以Visual Studio为开发平台、VB.NET为开发语言,应用SolidWorks API接口技术和MySQL数据管理方法,对设计知识库、知识管理系统、推理机、参数化模型库和评价体系进行整合及联合运用,开发了马铃薯收获机挖掘装置智能设计系统。利用系统进行挖掘铲实例设计,并进行工作性能评价分析,结果表明,挖掘铲工作所需牵引力为856.24 N,所受最大牵引阻力为724.81 N,明薯率为97.22%,伤薯率为1.43%,表明该挖掘铲满足设计要求。     

分布式Web服务在农田信息监测智能决策支持系统上应用研究

本文从群体智能决策支持系统中的知识库模型出发,将分布式Web服务技术植入原有决策支持系统,在此基础上增添农田信息AI逻辑判断功能、数理统计模块、人工现实功能。系统能有效解决农田信息监测过程中存在诸多结构化或非结构化问题,对即时监测农田数据精准度,减少数据冗余起到辅助作用。同时,也将为农业生产者或农业领域相关单位提供更加科学辅助决策起到一定指导价值。